Na Steven Mruma wa www.stevenmruma.blogspot.com
Makala hii maalum inahusu maisha ya aliyekuwa rais wa Afrika Kusini Nelson Mandela aliyefariki dunia usiku wa kuamkia tarehe 6/12/2013 baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu.
Makala hii imeandikwa kwa lugha ya kiingireza lakini unaweza kuitafsiri kwenda lugha uipendayo ikiwemo kiswahili kwa Wenzangu watanzania, Makala hii itawafikia watu wengi dani na nje ya nchi ambao wengi hupata urahisi zaidi kutafsiri kutoka kiingereza kuliko lugha nyingine kama kiunganishi cha dunia.
Katika makala hii utakutana na maisha halisi aliyopitia Mzee Mandela katika harakati za kuikomboa Afrika Kusini maisha ya jela na jinsi alivyofanikiwa kuwa Rais wa Afrika kusini nk. sasa endelee
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Nelson Rolihlahla (Madiba) Mandela is an
amazing man who changed history in South Africa and brought democracy to the
nation. Nelson Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 at Qunu, near Umtata in South
Africa. His father was the Chief Councillor to the Superior Chief of the
Thembu. As a young boy, he was being prepared to take over as the Chief of
the Thembu. With the death of his father in 1930, he was placed under the
care of his guardian and cousin, David Dalindyebo, the acting Chief of the
Thembu.
While at home, a prepared marriage was being set up for him. To avoid getting married, Mandela and his cousin Justice moved to Johannesburg where he worked temporarily as a night watchman as he wanted to be a lawyer.In Johannesburg, Mandela met Walter Sisulu who assisted him in finding employment as articled clerk with a legal firm. When he completed his BA degree by correspondence in 1941, Mandela enrolled at the University of the Witwatersrand for an LLB.
The
ANC (African National Congress)
 Together with Walter Sisulu and Oliver
Tambo, Nelson Mandela helped in founding the African National Congress Youth
League (ANCYL) in 1944. By 1948 he was holding the position of National
Secretary. In 1949 the African National Congress (ANC) supported the
'Programme of Action' handed in at their annual conference. The more radical
members such as Mandela and Sisulu were elected to the program.Mandela and Sisulu did not trust other racial groups, but Mandela’s views changed during the 1952 Defiance Campaign. Mandela was made the National 'Volunteer-in-chief' of the Defiance Campaign. As part of his duties he moved around South Africa signing up volunteers who were prepared to break apartheid laws. As their first sign of defiance against Apartheid, Mandela and 51 volunteers started breaking the curfew rules.In December 1952, Mandela and Oliver Tambo opened the first Black legal partnership in the country. In the same month, Mandela and some other activists were charted under the Suppression of Communism Act. Mandela was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment with hard labour, suspended for two years.
Over a period of nine years he was
put under banning orders. In this time he was also made the Deputy National
President of the ANC. Even though he was not allowed to attend the meetings
of the ANC, he worked with small groups of the ANC members. Nelson Mandela
played a major role in the constructing of the 'M Plan' (named after him).
The plan formulated the grouping of ANC members to cope with underground
activity. Renewed bans made it imperative for Madiba to resign from the ANC
in September 1953. From that point Madiba had to lead secretly, except during
the year of the Treason Trial.In December 1956 Mandela and 155 political
activists were arrested and charged with High Treason. Almost five years
later, Justice Rumpff found all of the accused not guilty. In the late 1950s
Mandela became National President of the ANC Youth League. By 1959 the
treason trial was still in progress. In the same year, the ANC planned an
anti-pass laws campaign. The campaign was displaced when the Pan Africanist
Congress (PAC), arranged mass anti-pass protests on 21 March 1960.
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